The treatment of the Open Apex: from Traditional Apexification Techniques to the regenerative/reparative Endodontic Procedures

– Etiological factors of open apex;

– Apexification: detailed protocol;

– Use of MTA and bioactive cements - an alternative to traditional apexification;

– Treatment of open apex in teeth with root resorption: detailed protocol;

– Treatment of complex clinical cases: combination of methods;

– Regenerative treatments suitable in immature teeth.