Facial Aging and Injectable Anatomy: Principles for Predictable Outcomes

– Skin and dermal aging pathways.
 

– Facial anatomy for toxin injections:

- Muscles involved in facial expression
- Danger zones and avoidance of asymmetries.
 

– Overfilled syndromes (e.g., “pillow face”)
– Diffusion patterns and proper injection depth
– Botulinum toxin and filler-related anatomy
– Introduction to botulinum toxin types (A/B)
– Mechanism of action and pharmacology
– Patient selection, contraindications, and safety checklist.