Endodontic treatment of permanent immature tooth: from apexification to revitalization

– Immature teeth particularities 

– Apexogenesis 

– Apexification and MTA 

– How understanding of biology will help the clinician to better select clinical cases for regenerative procedures

– Revitalization and Revascularization 

– Advantages of revitalization and apexification

– Contraindications of revitalization and apexification

– Tissue engineering: stem cells, growth factors, and scaffold dental pulp

– Repair vs. Regeneration 

– Outcomes:

- patient-based outcome

- clinician-based outcome 

- scientist-based outcome.

– Revitalization of mature teeth

– The clinical factors to take into account when selecting one technique or the other depending on the clinical situation.